Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vapor Pressure Lowering03:28

Vapor Pressure Lowering

30.7K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates:
30.7K
Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

40.0K
When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
40.0K
Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

37.5K
The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
37.5K
Solvents01:12

Solvents

70.1K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
70.1K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

216.8K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
216.8K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

20.7K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
20.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

TMEM33 deletion potentiates anti-tumor CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Preferential crystallization of (±)-pinenyllithium·TMEDA.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2024
Same author

Improvement in walking impairment following surgical and endovascular revascularization: Insights from VOYAGER PAD.

Vascular medicine (London, England)·2022
Same author

Correction to "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of an Enantiomerically Pure, Internally Coordinated Alkylchloroborane. The Boron-Centered Anomeric Affect".

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2018
Same author

Effects of Dietary Fructose Restriction on Liver Fat, De Novo Lipogenesis, and Insulin Kinetics in Children With Obesity.

Gastroenterology·2017
Same author

Short-term isocaloric fructose restriction lowers apoC-III levels and yields less atherogenic lipoprotein profiles in children with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Atherosclerosis·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Improving the Success Rate of Protein Crystallization by Random Microseed Matrix Screening
12:24

Improving the Success Rate of Protein Crystallization by Random Microseed Matrix Screening

Published on: August 31, 2013

18.3K

A quantitative study of vapor diffusions for crystallizations: rates and solvent parameter changes.

Michael J Wen1, Matthew T Jackson, Charles M Garner

  • 1Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study quantifies solvent diffusion in vapor diffusion crystallizations, providing data to move beyond trial-and-error methods for growing X-ray quality crystals. The findings enable more informed solvent selection for improved crystallization outcomes.

More Related Videos

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector
07:57

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Published on: July 25, 2014

20.4K
Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
07:42

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

3.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Improving the Success Rate of Protein Crystallization by Random Microseed Matrix Screening
12:24

Improving the Success Rate of Protein Crystallization by Random Microseed Matrix Screening

Published on: August 31, 2013

18.3K
Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector
07:57

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Published on: July 25, 2014

20.4K
Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
07:42

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

3.5K

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Vapor diffusion is a key technique for obtaining X-ray quality crystals.
  • Current methods rely heavily on empirical trial-and-error due to a lack of quantitative data on solvent behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide quantitative data on solvent diffusion and strength changes during vapor diffusion crystallization.
  • To enable more rational and informed planning of crystallization experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Measured diffusion-induced volume changes for 44 solvent combinations over 60 hours.
  • Determined inner and outer vial compositions at 24 hours.
  • Quantified solvation parameter changes using Hansen solubility parameters.

Main Results:

  • Reported diffusion-induced volume changes for 44 solvent combinations.
  • Identified six solvent combinations with minimal volume changes.
  • Quantified changes in solvation parameters, identifying two dozen combinations with significant solvent parameter shifts compared to common examples.

Conclusions:

  • The quantitative data presented allows for a more informed approach to vapor diffusion crystallization planning.
  • This study moves beyond empirical methods by providing measurable solvent behavior data.
  • The findings facilitate optimized solvent selection for crystal growth.