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Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
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In statistics, two variables are said to be correlated if the values of one variable are associated with the other variable. Depending on the relationship between two variables, correlation can be of three types– positive correlation, negative correlation, and zero correlation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited
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The Microscopic Transcanal Approach in Stapes Surgery Revisited

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Stapes piston insertion depth and clinical correlations.

Sang Gil Mun1, Evgenia Scheffner2, Stephan Müller2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Central Hospital , Pyeongchang , Korea.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stapes prosthesis insertion depth in stapedotomy for otosclerosis did not correlate with hearing outcomes or symptoms like vertigo and tinnitus. Optimal insertion depth remains a key surgical consideration.

Keywords:
Otosclerosisstapes prosthesis lengthvertigo

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Successful stapedotomy relies on proper stapes piston insertion into the vestibule.
  • A 0.5 mm insertion depth is often recommended to prevent prosthesis dislocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between stapes prosthesis insertion depth and clinical outcomes after stapedotomy.
  • To analyze the correlation between insertion depth and audiological results, vertigo, and tinnitus.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 39 otosclerosis patients.
  • Postoperative flat panel tomography/cone beam CT to assess prosthesis insertion depth and vestibule depth.
  • Correlation analysis with bone conduction (BC) thresholds, vertigo, and tinnitus.

Main Results:

  • Stapes prosthesis insertion depth varied (0.2–1.6 mm, mean 0.74 mm).
  • The ratio of insertion depth to vestibule depth ranged from 8% to 59% (mean 26.6%).
  • No significant correlation was found between insertion depth and postoperative BC, vertigo, or tinnitus.

Conclusions:

  • The study found no significant relationship between stapes piston insertion depth and postoperative outcomes in otosclerosis patients.
  • These findings suggest that factors other than insertion depth may influence clinical results after stapedotomy.