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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

Published on: February 16, 2018

Catalytic cascade reactions by radical relay.

Huan-Ming Huang¹, Monserrat H Garduño-Castro, Charlotte Morrill

¹School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. david.j.procter@manchester.ac.uk.

Chemical Society Reviews

|July 13, 2019

Summary

Radical relay cascades offer a greener approach to synthesizing complex molecules using only catalytic reagents. This method enhances atom economy and simplifies synthetic routes for diverse applications.

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Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine

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Published on: February 16, 2018

Retropinacol/Cross-pinacol Coupling Reactions - A Catalytic Access to 1,2-Unsymmetrical Diols

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Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Free Radicals in Chemical Biology: from Chemical Behavior to Biomarker Development

Published on: April 15, 2013

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Synthetic Chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Radical cascade reactions enable rapid complex molecule synthesis.
Traditional methods often require stoichiometric reagents, limiting atom economy.
Radical relay strategies utilize catalytic amounts of reagents for improved efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in radical relay cascade reactions.
To dissect the reaction designs of state-of-the-art radical relay processes.
To highlight the benefits of radical relay strategies in organic synthesis.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on radical relay cascades.
Analysis of reaction mechanisms and design principles.
Dissection of specific examples of radical relay reactions.

Main Results:

Demonstration of catalytic reagent usage in radical cascades.
Highlighting improved atom economy in radical relay processes.
Showcasing the versatility and efficiency of radical relay strategies.

Conclusions:

Radical relay cascades represent a significant advancement in synthetic efficiency.
These methods offer a more sustainable and atom-economical alternative to traditional radical reactions.
Further development promises broader applications in complex molecule synthesis.