Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation–Reduction Reactions

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...

Trial and Error and Algorithm

Trial and Error and Algorithm

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...

Random Error

Random Error

Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...

Random Variables

Random Variables

A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Indications, protocols, and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging for the evaluation and management of athletes. A Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Part 2-Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Cardiac CT and Nuclear Imaging.

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging·2026

Same author

Indications, protocols, and interpretation of cardiovascular imaging for the evaluation and management of athletes: a clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Part 2: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance, cardiac CT, and nuclear imaging.

European journal of preventive cardiology·2026

Same author

Ventilatory efficiency during weaning from venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026

Same author

Highlights from the first interdisciplinary summit of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the European Society for Cardiovascular Radiology.

European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging·2026

Same author

Highlights from the first interdisciplinary summit of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the European Society for Cardiovascular Radiology.

Insights into imaging·2026

Same author

Early Prediction of Heart Failure From Routine Cardiac CT Using Radiomic Phenotyping of Epicardial Fat.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

Personalized E-Coaching in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Mohammed Y Khanji^1,2, Armida Balawon¹, Redha Boubertakh^1,2

¹Centre for Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging and Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.

Annals of Global Health

|July 13, 2019

Summary

Personalized electronic coaching did not add cardiovascular risk reduction to standard care for high-risk individuals. Comprehensive health checks modestly reduced risk, but e-coaching showed no additional benefit.

More Related Videos

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

In Silico Clinical Trials for Cardiovascular Disease

Published on: May 27, 2022

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Surgical Treatments for Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Digital Health
Preventive Medicine

Background:

Individuals at increased cardiovascular risk benefit from comprehensive health checks.
The role of digital interventions like e-coaching in enhancing cardiovascular risk reduction is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate if personalized electronic (e-) coaching, combined with standard care, offers additional cardiovascular risk reduction compared to standard care alone.
To assess the impact of e-coaching on lifestyle and risk factors in high-risk individuals.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial involving 402 participants with a 10-year QRISK2 cardiovascular risk of ≥10% was conducted.
Participants received either e-coaching plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone.
The primary endpoint was the change in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) at six months, with secondary outcomes including blood pressure and weight changes.

Main Results:

No significant difference in PWV reduction was observed between the e-coaching and SOC groups.
Improvements in blood pressure, weight, and cardiovascular risk scores (Framingham, QRISK2) were similar across both groups.
Higher education levels were associated with more favorable PWV changes, independent of e-coaching intervention.

Conclusions:

Personalized e-coaching does not provide additional cardiovascular risk reduction when added to standard care in individuals at increased risk.
While 'health check' programs show modest risk reduction, current evidence does not support routine recommendation of e-coaching within these programs.