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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The human digestive system is an intricate and essential network for nutrient absorption and waste elimination. It encompasses the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and several accessory organs.
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Author Spotlight: Using the MouseWalker to Quantify Locomotor Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Spinal Cord Injury
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Gastrointestinal dysfunction after spinal cord injury.

Gregory M Holmes1, Emily N Blanke1

  • 1Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United states of America.

Experimental Neurology
|July 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Keywords:
ColonEnteric nervous systemGastric emptyingGastrointestinal motilityNeurogenic bowelNeurotraumaVagus nerveVisceral reflexes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic neural circuits.
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) impacts GI function, causing lifelong challenges.
  • Knowledge gaps exist regarding the temporal and magnitude of SCI-related comorbidities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the neurophysiology of the GI tract in uninjured states.
  • To explore the pathophysiology of systemic GI effects following SCI.
  • To inform evidence-based management strategies for SCI patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neurophysiology and pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of neural circuits in the GI tract.
  • Examination of SCI effects on GI function.

Main Results:

  • GI dysfunction varies based on SCI level.
  • SCI induces profound physiological changes across organ systems.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for patient management.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive understanding of SCI's systemic effects on the GI tract is needed.
  • Further research is essential to bridge knowledge gaps.
  • Developing targeted management strategies requires a deeper understanding of SCI pathophysiology.