Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

8.1K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
8.1K
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

272
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
272
In- and Out-Groups01:31

In- and Out-Groups

42.9K
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
42.9K
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

41.9K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
41.9K
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.3K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.3K
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

95.0K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
95.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Systematic Review of Complication Rates of Gender-affirming Breast Augmentation and Its Closest Analogue: Tuberous Breast Augmentation.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open·2025
Same author

Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty in a Patient With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2025
Same author

Gender-affirming DIEP Flap Breast Augmentation.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open·2024
Same author

Social and Systemic Barriers to Transition-Related Surgical Procedures for Transgender Americans.

LGBT health·2024
Same author

A Summary of WPATH Standards of Care 8th Edition for Gender-Affirming Plastic Surgery.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2023
Same author

Regret after Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Multidisciplinary Approach to a Multifaceted Patient Experience.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2023
Same journal

The Impact of Child Life Intervention on Psychological Status and Quality of Life in Children With Cleft Lip and Palate.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
Same journal

Further Considerations for Objective Facial Paralysis Assessment.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
Same journal

Microsurgical Anatomy and Surgical Relevance of the Internal Frontal Arteries: A Cadaveric Anatomic Study.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
Same journal

Pharyngeal Airway Changes Following Bimaxillary Orthognathic Surgery in Asian Patients.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
Same journal

Endoscopic Transcaruncular Approach for Early Anterior Ethmoidal Artery Cauterization in Large Olfactory Groove Meningioma Surgery: Intraoperative Video.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
Same journal

Clinical Manifestation of Congenital Unilateral Lower Lip Palsy: A Study of 111 Patients.

The Journal of craniofacial surgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon
10:29

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon

Published on: January 6, 2011

117.0K

Training Surgeons in Gender Confirmation Surgery.

Loren S Schechter1, Rebecca B Schechter2

  • 1Surgery, University of IL at Chicago, Director, The Center for Gender Confirmation Surgery, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|July 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Formal training guidelines are needed for gender confirmation surgery due to increased demand. This paper proposes a framework for a multidisciplinary training program to ensure surgeons are adequately experienced in these medically necessary procedures.

More Related Videos

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.4K
Modified Laparoscopic Anatomic Hepatectomy: Two-Surgeon Technique Combined with the Simple Extracorporeal Pringle Maneuver
12:27

Modified Laparoscopic Anatomic Hepatectomy: Two-Surgeon Technique Combined with the Simple Extracorporeal Pringle Maneuver

Published on: June 16, 2023

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon
10:29

Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon

Published on: January 6, 2011

117.0K
Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.4K
Modified Laparoscopic Anatomic Hepatectomy: Two-Surgeon Technique Combined with the Simple Extracorporeal Pringle Maneuver
12:27

Modified Laparoscopic Anatomic Hepatectomy: Two-Surgeon Technique Combined with the Simple Extracorporeal Pringle Maneuver

Published on: June 16, 2023

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Medical training
  • Surgical education
  • Gender affirmation care

Background:

  • Gender confirmation surgery is crucial for alleviating gender dysphoria.
  • Increased demand for these procedures outpaces the number of qualified surgeons.
  • Formal training guidelines and fellowship programs are currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the need for standardized surgical training in gender confirmation surgery.
  • To propose a framework for developing a multidisciplinary training program.
  • To ensure adequate surgeon experience in gender confirmation procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of a potential framework for a multidisciplinary training program.
  • Identification of key components for comprehensive surgical education.
  • Emphasis on the need for structured fellowship programs.

Main Results:

  • A proposed framework for a multidisciplinary gender confirmation surgery training program is presented.
  • The framework aims to standardize training and ensure surgeon competency.
  • Highlights the necessity of formal guidelines for surgical education.

Conclusions:

  • Developing formal training guidelines and fellowship programs is essential.
  • A structured, multidisciplinary approach can enhance surgical training.
  • This framework provides a foundation for implementing robust training in gender confirmation surgery.