Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Vacuum-Sealed Hot Water Bath Immersion for the Preparation of Anatomical and Surgical Cadaveric Bone Models
Published on: December 2, 2022
Anatomical Basis and Surgical Techniques Employed in Facial Feminization and Masculinization
Alexander R Facque1, Daniela Atencio2, Loren S Schechter1
1The Center for Gender Confirmation Surgery.
Abstract:
Increasingly, facial feminization and masculinization techniques are being employed in the treatment of gender dysphoria. For the facial surgeon, knowledge of the anatomical differences between masculine and feminine facial skeletal structures is of utmost importance. Combining this knowledge with the various surgical and non-techniques that may be employed in order to achieve each patient's goals will allow the facial surgeon to greatly impact the lives of persons of transgender and gender diverse experience. Below, this article discusses these anatomical differences as well as current surgical practices employed in order to masculinize or feminize the face.
Related Concept Videos
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
Anatomical Positions
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
Anatomical Terminology
Anatomical Movements
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
Muscles for Facial Expressions
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

