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Related Concept Videos

Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Acid-Base Titration Curves02:23

Acid-Base Titration Curves

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A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
For a titration carried out for 25.00 mL of...
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Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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Mechanisms of whole body, respiratory, acid-base buffering: a first computer-model test of three physicochemical, acid-base theories.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2024
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Last Word on Viewpoint: Acid-base buffering whether quantified as [H<sup>+</sup>] vs. Pco<sub>2</sub> or [H<sup>+</sup>] vs. strong ion difference is both intuitive and consistent-the role of albumin and strong-ion difference (SID) in acid-base buffering.

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Acid-base buffering whether quantified as [H<sup>+</sup>] vs. Pco<sub>2</sub> or [H<sup>+</sup>] vs. strong ion difference is both intuitive and consistent.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2023
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Reply to Krbec and Duška.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2023
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Physicochemical properties of abnormal blood acid-base buffering.

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Mechanisms of Blood pH Changes in Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Systems: Roles of Hemoglobin-Ion Binding and Donnan Equilibrium.

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A Polyaniline-based Sensor of Nucleic Acids
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Physicochemical Models of Acid-Base.

Matthew B Wolf1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.

Seminars in Nephrology
|July 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex physicochemical models offer new insights into diagnosing and treating acid-base disorders. These computer-solved models provide a comprehensive approach to understanding fluid and ion distribution in the body.

Keywords:
Acid-base balancecomprehensive diagnostic approachcomputer modelsfluid-electrolyte balancemodern diagnostic approachtraditional diagnostic approach

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Physicochemical models have been crucial for understanding acid-base disorders for over a century.
  • Recent advancements involve complex, computer-solved models offering deeper insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent complex physicochemical models for acid-base disorders.
  • To demonstrate how these models enhance understanding and diagnostic approaches.
  • To illustrate novel diagnostic strategies using these advanced models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing physicochemical principles: chemical equilibrium, conservation of mass, electroneutrality, and osmotic equilibrium.
  • Describing steady-state distribution of water and ions across four body fluid compartments.
  • Analyzing changes due to fluid infusions and physiological losses (renal, gastrointestinal).

Main Results:

  • Advanced models provide a new, comprehensive diagnostic approach to acid-base disorders.
  • Demonstrated application in understanding saline acidosis and diagnosing diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • The new approach predicts whole-body base excess and partitions it into 10 individual components.

Conclusions:

  • Complex physicochemical models offer significantly more insight than previous methods.
  • These models enable a more detailed understanding of fluid and ion dynamics in health and disease.
  • The reviewed approach facilitates precise diagnosis and potentially improved treatment strategies for acid-base imbalances.