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Using hominin introgression to trace modern human dispersals.

João C Teixeira1, Alan Cooper1

  • 1Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia joao.teixeira@adelaide.edu.au alan.cooper@adelaide.edu.au.

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Modern human migrations out of Africa involved interbreeding with archaic hominins like Denisovans and Neandertals. Genetic data reveals complex ancient hominin interactions in Asia, with enigmatic findings in Sahul.

Keywords:
anthropologyarchaic introgressiongeneticshuman evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Paleogenetics
  • Human Evolution
  • Archaeology

Background:

  • Modern human dispersal out of Africa around 55-50 ka.
  • Genetic evidence of interbreeding with archaic hominins (Neandertals, Denisovans).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze genetic signatures of hominin introgression events.
  • To reconstruct the sequence and timing of early human migrations, particularly in Asia.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic analysis of modern and ancient hominin DNA.
  • Comparison of genetic data with archaeological and fossil records.

Main Results:

  • Multiple introgression events recorded in modern genomes.
  • At least three archaic hominin groups involved in Asia, with Denisovans identified.
  • Inferred interbreeding east of Wallace's Line, supported by archaeological evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic data provides a powerful record of early human migrations and interactions.
  • Asia represents a complex area for hominin dispersals and interbreeding.
  • Archaic hominin presence did not extend to the Sahul continent, leaving genetic evidence enigmatic.