Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

1.6K
The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
1.6K
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

31.6K
The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
31.6K
Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

3.3K
The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
3.3K
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

Spinal Nerves: Plexus II

2.2K
The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
2.2K
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

3.7K
The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
3.7K
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

8.3K
Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
8.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early Detection of Cerebral Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by IL-6 Electrochemiluminescence Analysis of the Cerebrospinal Fluid.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Management of Atypical Hangman's Fracture (C2 Axis): Systematic Review of Classification, Treatment Strategies, and Clinical Outcomes.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

Neuroradiological Insights into Visual Mental Imagery: Structural and Functional Imaging of Ventral and Dorsal Streams.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Comprehensive protocol for mixed reality visualization and navigation using 3D Slicer.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Access to Neurosurgery for Patients in Germany-Strategic Considerations Based on Geographic Information Mapping.

Clinics and practice·2026
Same author

Systematic Review of Advanced Algorithms for Brain Mapping in Stereotactic Neurosurgery: Integration of fMRI and EEG Data.

Brain sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Remote Surgery with Augmented Reality and Robotics for Enhanced Precision and Accessibility
07:46

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Remote Surgery with Augmented Reality and Robotics for Enhanced Precision and Accessibility

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.2K

Augmented reality in intradural spinal tumor surgery.

Barbara Carl1, Miriam Bopp2,3, Benjamin Saß2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35033, Marburg, Germany. carlb@med.uni-marburg.de.

Acta Neurochirurgica
|July 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Augmented reality (AR) is now applicable to intradural spinal tumor surgery, offering precise visualization of tumors and surrounding structures. This technology enhances surgical guidance and accuracy for complex spinal procedures.

Keywords:
Augmented realityHead-up displaysIntradural spinal tumor surgeryIntraoperative computed tomographyLow-dose computed tomographySpine registration

More Related Videos

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
05:53

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Published on: August 17, 2022

5.3K
Combining Augmented Reality and 3D Printing to Display Patient Models on a Smartphone
09:26

Combining Augmented Reality and 3D Printing to Display Patient Models on a Smartphone

Published on: January 2, 2020

19.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Remote Surgery with Augmented Reality and Robotics for Enhanced Precision and Accessibility
07:46

Author Spotlight: Revolutionizing Remote Surgery with Augmented Reality and Robotics for Enhanced Precision and Accessibility

Published on: August 9, 2024

1.2K
Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
05:53

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Published on: August 17, 2022

5.3K
Combining Augmented Reality and 3D Printing to Display Patient Models on a Smartphone
09:26

Combining Augmented Reality and 3D Printing to Display Patient Models on a Smartphone

Published on: January 2, 2020

19.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Technology

Background:

  • Microscope-based augmented reality (AR) is established in cranial surgery but new to spinal surgery.
  • This study investigates the application of AR for intradural spinal tumor surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and precision of microscope-based AR in intradural spinal tumor surgery.
  • To assess the accuracy and usability of AR for visualizing tumor extent and critical structures.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective investigation in ten patients with various intradural spinal tumors.
  • AR utilized head-up displays (HUDs) with automatic registration via low-dose intraoperative CT.
  • Preoperative imaging data segmented and registered non-linearly to account for spinal flexibility.

Main Results:

  • AR successfully supported surgery by visualizing tumor outlines and surrounding structures.
  • Low overall AR registration error (0.72 ± 0.24 mm) achieved.
  • Effective radiation doses were low, and AR visualization was consistently available.

Conclusions:

  • Microscope-based AR is a reliable tool for intradural spinal tumor surgery.
  • Automatic AR registration provides high precision and intuitive visualization.
  • Advanced AR capabilities from cranial surgery can be extended to spinal procedures.