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Related Concept Videos

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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

U-Shaped Horizontal Swimming Technique for Preparing High-Quality Sperm with Low DNA Fragmentation Index
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U-Shaped Horizontal Swimming Technique for Preparing High-Quality Sperm with Low DNA Fragmentation Index

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Sperm DNA Fragmentation: Consequences for Reproduction.

Luke Simon1, Benjamin Emery1, Douglas T Carrell2

  • 1Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sperm DNA fragmentation, or DNA breaks, impacts natural reproduction. This review examines its causes, measurement, and controversial effects on male infertility and assisted reproductive treatment (ART) outcomes.

Keywords:
ART outcomesComet assayMale infertilitySCD assaySCSASperm DNA fragmentationTUNEL assay

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Urology

Background:

  • Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), characterized by single- and double-strand DNA breaks, is a recognized factor influencing natural fertility.
  • Elevated SDF levels are increasingly implicated in male infertility, yet their precise impact on reproductive outcomes remains a subject of ongoing debate.
  • Numerous assays have been developed over three decades to accurately quantify SDF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the etiological factors contributing to sperm DNA fragmentation.
  • To describe and evaluate the various diagnostic assays used for SDF quantification.
  • To systematically analyze existing literature to clarify the association between SDF and male fertility/assisted reproductive treatment (ART) success rates.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies investigating sperm DNA fragmentation.
  • Analysis of established and novel assays for measuring DNA fragmentation in sperm.
  • Evaluation of data correlating SDF levels with natural conception and ART outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The review synthesizes current understanding of SDF causes and measurement techniques.
  • Evidence regarding the direct impact of SDF on male infertility and ART success is critically assessed.
  • Controversies and consensus points in the field are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Sperm DNA fragmentation is a significant factor in male reproductive health.
  • Accurate assessment of SDF is crucial for understanding its role in infertility and guiding treatment decisions.
  • Further research is needed to definitively establish SDF thresholds for predicting fertility and ART outcomes.