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Related Concept Videos

Compounds Essential to Human Function01:25

Compounds Essential to Human Function

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The human body is composed of cells that are fundamentally made up of several different molecules. These molecules are essential to carry out all physiological processes in the body and are broadly classified into organic and inorganic based on their chemical structures.
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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

A Method for Characterizing Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis
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Hectd1 is essential for embryogenesis in mice.

Donato D'Alonzo1, Fabienne Hélène Emch2, Xiaoli Shen3

  • 1Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.

Gene Expression Patterns : GEP
|July 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Hectd1 is essential for embryonic development, with mutations causing early lethality and placental defects. This study introduces a new Hectd1 mutant mouse model for further research.

Keywords:
Gene expressionGene trapHectd1Mutant mouseX-gal

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The functional roles of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hectd1 in embryogenesis and cell biology require further investigation.
  • Understanding Hectd1's function is crucial for comprehending developmental processes and potential cellular pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and characterize a novel transgenic mouse model for Hectd1 to study its biological functions.
  • To investigate the consequences of Hectd1 deficiency during embryonic development.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of a Hectd1 mutant mouse model using the gene trap strategy with a β-geo cassette insertion.
  • Analysis of embryonic lethality, placental development, and neural tube closure in homozygous and heterozygous Hectd1-mutant mice.
  • X-gal staining to determine the temporal and spatial expression patterns of Hectd1 in adult tissues.

Main Results:

  • Homozygous Hectd1-mutant mice exhibited early embryonic lethality, abnormal placental development (thinner placentas, particularly in the labyrinth layer), and neural tube closure defects (exencephaly).
  • Hectd1 expression was observed in specific cell populations across various adult tissues.
  • Hectd1 expression was found to be regulated by insulin, heat, and hypoxia.

Conclusions:

  • Hectd1 is indispensable for normal embryogenesis and fetal survival.
  • The generated Hectd1 mutant mouse model offers a valuable tool for detailed functional studies of Hectd1 in mammalian cells.