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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
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Outgroup faces hamper word recognition.

Simone Sulpizio1,2, Eduardo Navarrete3

  • 1Facoltà di Psicologia, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.

Psychological Research
|July 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Social categories from faces influence native language processing. Participants responded slower to words after seeing an outgroup face compared to an ingroup face, affecting semantic but not perceptual levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Socio-cultural factors can influence cognitive processes.
  • The impact of social categories on native language processing is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate socio-cultural priming effects in native language processing.
  • To determine the processing levels affected by social category primes.

Main Methods:

  • Participants completed a written lexical decision task.
  • Stimuli were preceded by either an ingroup (white) or outgroup (black) face prime.
  • Psycholinguistic variables like imageability were manipulated.

Main Results:

  • Slower word categorization after outgroup face primes compared to ingroup face primes.
  • No priming effect observed for non-word stimuli.
  • Priming effect interacted with semantic (imageability) but not lexical dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Social categories derived from faces modulate lexico-semantic processing.
  • This modulation occurs rapidly and automatically during visual word recognition.
  • Findings suggest social cognition influences core language processing mechanisms.