Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026
06:57
Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
Published on: May 14, 2019
10.9K
Execution-based and verbal code-based stimulus-response associations: proportion manipulations reveal conflict
Christina U Pfeuffer1, Karolina Moutsopoulou2,3, Florian Waszak2,3
1Cognition, Action, and Sustainability Unit, Department of Psychology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Engelbergerstrasse 41, 79085, Freiburg, Germany. christina.pfeuffer@psychologie.uni-freiburg.de.
Psychological Research
|July 15, 2019
Summary
Cognitive control influences stimulus-response (S-R) associations, impacting both stimulus-classification (S-C) and stimulus-action (S-A) mappings. Findings suggest a conflict adaptation mechanism underlies these effects.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Stimulus-response (S-R) associations are fundamental to behavior.
- These associations comprise distinct stimulus-classification (S-C) and stimulus-action (S-A) components.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of cognitive control in modulating S-R associations.
- To determine if S-C and S-A associations are independently influenced by cognitive control.
Main Methods:
- Two item-specific priming experiments were conducted.
- List-level proportion manipulations of S-C and S-A mapping repetitions/switches were employed.
- The impact on S-C and S-A association strength was assessed.
Main Results:
- Switching S-C or S-A mappings between prime and probe trials led to slower responses and increased errors.
- S-C and S-A switch effects were modulated by the list-level proportion of switches.
- Results supported a conflict adaptation mechanism over contingency or temporal learning.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive control mechanisms adaptively modulate S-R components.
- This adaptation influences both the encoding and retrieval stages of S-R associations.
- Findings offer insights into the cognitive control of S-R associations within item-specific priming.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Sample Proportion and Population Proportion
6.4K
Collecting samples or responses from an entire population takes significant time and effort, so a researcher collects responses from only a sample of that population. Suppose a study needs to collect information about a specific mobile application. After sample collection, the researcher analyzes the data and discovers that most individuals in the sample use that specific mobile application. The sample proportion measures the number of individuals in a sample who either use or don't use the...
6.4K
02:39lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs
9.8K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
9.8K
01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
8.5K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
8.5K
01:29Non-Verbal Cues
302
Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...
302
02:01pre-mRNA Processing
57.2K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
57.2K
01:24Testing a Claim about Population Proportion
3.9K
A complete procedure for testing a claim about a population proportion is provided here.
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
There are two methods of testing a claim about a population proportion: (1) Using the sample proportion from the data where a binomial distribution is approximated to the normal distribution and (2) Using the binomial probabilities calculated from the data.
The first method uses normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The requirements are as follows: sample size is large...
3.9K