Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.3K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.3K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

957
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
957
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

4.1K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
4.1K
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

894
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
894
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

633
Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
633
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

2.0K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reoperation risks between 1-level and 2-level cervical disc arthroplasty: analysis of a cohort of patients from a national spine registry.

Neurosurgical focus·2026
Same author

Triple-Taper Stems in Obese Total Hip Arthroplasty Patients: Complication and Revision Rates from a U.S. Registry.

The Journal of arthroplasty·2026
Same author

Trends in opioid prescribing after shoulder arthroplasty in an integrated health system: an analysis across racial and ethnic groups.

Journal of shoulder and elbow arthroplasty·2026
Same author

Feasibility of applying the Orthopaedic Data Evaluation Panel (ODEP) shoulder criteria for implants used in a United States-based integrated health care system.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026
Same author

Most Contemporary TKA Implant Systems Meet International Benchmark Survivorship Standards: Evidence From a US Registry.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research·2026
Same author

Leveraging Clinical Registries and Electronic Health Systems to Advance Value-Based Medicine Across Specialties.

The Permanente journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
05:07

Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Published on: March 1, 2024

2.7K

Risk Factors for Opioid Use After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Anita G Rao1, Priscilla H Chan2, Heather A Prentice2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Northwest Permanente Medical Group, Portland, Oregon, USA.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|July 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Opioid prescription use after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is common, with risk factors like prior opioid use and certain health conditions increasing utilization. Understanding these factors can help manage postoperative pain and curb the opioid crisis.

Keywords:
anterior cruciate ligamentopioid usereconstruction

More Related Videos

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts
10:32

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Published on: March 26, 2015

10.7K
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
06:28

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
05:07

Author Spotlight: Implementing the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Concept in Rehabilitation Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Published on: March 1, 2024

2.7K
Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts
10:32

Athymic Rat Model for Evaluation of Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

Published on: March 26, 2015

10.7K
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
06:28

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Pain Management
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Opioid misuse is a national crisis impacting public health and healthcare costs.
  • Postoperative opioid prescription (Rx) use after orthopaedic procedures can contribute to the opioid epidemic.
  • Opioid Rx utilization following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish baseline opioid Rx utilization in patients undergoing ACLR.
  • To identify demographic, patient, and surgical factors linked to increased and prolonged postoperative opioid use.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study analyzed data from 21,202 primary elective ACLRs performed between 2005 and 2015.
  • Logistic regression was used to assess the association between perioperative risk factors and opioid Rx dispensing in early (0-90 days) and late (91-360 days) postoperative periods.

Main Results:

  • 25.5% of patients used at least one opioid Rx preoperatively; 17.7% and 2.7% used multiple opioid Rx in the early and late postoperative periods, respectively.
  • Factors associated with increased opioid Rx in both periods included prior opioid use, older age, higher ASA classification, other activity at injury, chondroplasty, chronic pulmonary disease, and substance abuse.
  • Specific factors were linked to early-only (e.g., acute injury, meniscal repair) or late-only (e.g., female sex, BMI ≥25) opioid use.

Conclusions:

  • Opioid Rx use before ACLR was noted in a quarter of patients, decreasing significantly postoperatively.
  • Several perioperative risk factors were identified that predict greater and prolonged opioid usage after ACLR, informing targeted interventions.