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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection amongst children in Senegal: current prevalence and seroprotection level

Gora Lô1,2, Amina Sow-Sall1, Halimatou Diop-Ndiaye1,3

  • 1Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formation (IRESSEF), Dakar, Sénégal.

The Pan African Medical Journal
|July 16, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence in Senegalese children is low at 1.1%. However, only 56% of children have adequate Hepatitis B antibody levels, indicating insufficient seroprotection despite vaccination efforts.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant public health concern in Senegal.
  • Routine childhood HBV vaccination was implemented in 1999 and integrated into the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 2004.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection among children in Senegal.
  • To assess the serological immunity status against HBV in vaccinated Senegalese children.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 295 children aged 6 months to 16 years was conducted between March and August 2016.
  • Serum samples were analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), and Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb).
  • Seroprotection was defined as HBsAb levels ≥ 10 IU/L.

Main Results:

  • The overall seroprevalence of HBV infection was 1.1% (3/295 children).
  • Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) was detected in 4.5% of children.
  • While 76.6% had detectable HBsAb, only 56% achieved seroprotective levels (≥ 10 IU/L), with 21.4% showing strong seroprotection (≥ 100 IU/L).

Conclusions:

  • Despite reduced HBV prevalence due to vaccination, a substantial proportion of Senegalese children lack adequate seroprotection.
  • There is a need to assess HBsAb levels and consider booster vaccinations to enhance immunity in children in Senegal.
  • The findings highlight the importance of monitoring vaccine effectiveness and adapting immunization strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
SenegalVaccinationchildrenefficacyhepatitis Bimmunity

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