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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...
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Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

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Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
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Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

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The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the...
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Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Preparation of Rat Tail Tendons for Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Studies
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Preparation of Rat Tail Tendons for Biomechanical and Mechanobiological Studies

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Hamstring tendons insertion - an anatomical study.

Cristiano Antônio Grassi1, Vagner Messias Fruheling2, João Caetano Abdo2

  • 1Studying for Specialist title in Sports Traumatology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

Revista Brasileira De Ortopedia
|July 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The hamstring tendons insert approximately 40 mm from the tibial plateau at an average angle of 20 degrees. This study details the anatomical relationships of hamstring tendon insertions in the knee.

Keywords:
AnatomyCadaverKnee

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic anatomy
  • Knee biomechanics

Background:

  • Understanding hamstring tendon insertion anatomy is crucial for surgical procedures and injury management.
  • Accurate anatomical knowledge aids in preventing iatrogenic damage during knee surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise anatomical insertion points of hamstring tendons.
  • To define the spatial relationships between hamstring tendon insertions, the tibial plateau, and the tibial tuberosity.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of ten cadaver knees from an anteromedial approach.
  • Measurement of distances from the tibial plateau and tibial tuberosity to the flexor tendon insertion.
  • Calculation of the angle between the tibial plateau and the flexor tendon insertion using Image Pro Plus software.

Main Results:

  • The mean distance from the tibial plateau to the flexor tendon insertion (TP-FT) was 41 ± 4.6 mm.
  • The mean distance from the tibial tuberosity to the flexor tendon insertion (TT-FT) was 6.88 ± 1 mm.
  • The average angle between the tibial plateau and the flexor tendon insertion (A-TP-FT) was 20.3 ± 4.9 degrees.

Conclusions:

  • Hamstring tendons insert on the anterior tibia, approximately 40 mm from the tibial plateau.
  • The average angle of insertion relative to the tibial plateau is around 20 degrees.
  • These anatomical findings provide valuable data for knee surgery and biomechanical studies.