Lab-on-chip technology for chronic disease diagnosis.
Jiandong Wu1, Meili Dong1,2, Claudio Rigatto3
11Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB Canada.
NPJ Digital Medicine
|July 16, 2019
Summary
Lab-on-chip (LoC) technology offers rapid, low-cost point-of-care diagnostics for chronic diseases (CD). This review highlights advancements in LoC systems for chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Medical Diagnostics
- Point-of-Care Testing
Background:
- Chronic diseases (CD) are a leading global cause of death and disability.
- Current diagnostic methods for CD are often time-consuming and expensive.
- There is a critical need for rapid, reliable, and affordable diagnostic tools at the point-of-care (PoC).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent developments in lab-on-chip (LoC) based PoC systems for chronic disease diagnosis.
- To focus on advancements for chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases (CKD).
- To discuss challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in this emerging field.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on LoC-based PoC systems for CD diagnosis.
- Analysis of studies incorporating digital and mobile technologies in LoC systems.
- Focus on applications in CRD, diabetes, and CKD.
Main Results:
- Lab-on-chip technology shows significant potential for low-cost, high-throughput, and user-friendly CD diagnostics.
- Emerging LoC systems are increasingly integrating digital and mobile technologies for enhanced accessibility.
- Significant progress has been made in developing LoC-based solutions for CRD, diabetes, and CKD.
Conclusions:
- LoC technology is a promising platform for revolutionizing CD diagnosis at the PoC.
- Integration with digital technologies can further improve the accessibility and utility of LoC diagnostic tools.
- Addressing current challenges is crucial for realizing the full potential of LoC systems in managing chronic diseases.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
2.3K
COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
2.3K
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
597
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
597
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
3.6K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
3.6K
01:29Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
3.1K
Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation
3.1K
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
578
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
578
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
4.3K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
4.3K