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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Does fluoroscopy prevent inadvertent parathyroidectomy in thyroid surgery?

A DiMarco1,2, R Chotalia1, R Bloxham1

  • 1Department of Endocrine Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|July 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Near-infrared imaging did not prevent inadvertent parathyroidectomy during thyroidectomies. This technology did not reduce missed parathyroid removal or early hypocalcemia, suggesting it may not offer a clinical benefit.

Keywords:
ComplicationsFluorescenceHypoparathyroidismThyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Medical Imaging
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Inadvertent parathyroidectomy during thyroidectomy leads to hypoparathyroidism.
  • Near-infrared (NIR) imaging offers potential for intraoperative parathyroid gland identification via autofluorescence.
  • The clinical utility of NIR imaging in thyroid surgery remains unestablished.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if near-infrared imaging reduces inadvertent parathyroidectomy during thyroidectomy.
  • To assess if NIR imaging prevents early hypocalcemia as a surrogate for permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study comparing NIR imaging with a historical control group.
  • NIR imaging used to identify parathyroid glands on specimens and in the thyroid bed.
  • Autotransplantation of identified parathyroid tissue; incidence of inadvertent parathyroidectomy recorded.
  • Serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels monitored postoperatively.

Main Results:

  • 106 patients in the NIR imaging group and 163 in the control group.
  • No statistically significant difference in inadvertent parathyroidectomy rates between groups (12.3% vs 10.4%).
  • No significant difference in serum calcium or parathyroid hormone levels observed between groups at any time point.

Conclusions:

  • Near-infrared imaging can detect inadvertent parathyroidectomy and facilitate autotransplantation.
  • NIR imaging did not decrease the incidence of missed inadvertent parathyroidectomy.
  • Current NIR imaging technology does not demonstrate sufficient clinical benefit for routine use in thyroidectomy.