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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

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In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
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Quality Control01:05

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Quality control is one of the three cyclical quality assurance activities that help keep a system under statistical control. Typical quality control activities include creating quality control charts, conducting proficiency testing, and documenting and archiving results.
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Quality Assurance01:19

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Quality assurance is the overarching term used to describe the activities employed to ensure the proper performance of a system. These activities can be classified into three categories: quality control, quality assessment, and internal corrective measures. Typically, these activities work cyclically: quality control is performed before and during the analysis, while quality assessment occurs during and after the investigation. Internal corrective measures are implemented based on the findings...
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Pulse amplitude and quality01:17

Pulse amplitude and quality

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Pulse amplitude is a crucial indicator of cardiac health because it provides valuable insights into the strength of left ventricular contractions and the overall uniformity of blood circulation within the vasculature. The strength of the pulse is directly related to the force with which the heart contracts and the volume of blood being pumped.
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Testing Water Quality01:14

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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Benchmarking HIV Quality Measures Across US Payer Types.

Julie L Priest1, Debra E Irwin2, Kristin A Evans2

  • 1ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC.

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Despite advances in HIV treatment, care engagement remains a challenge in the US. Newly diagnosed patients and long-term care retention need significant improvement for better health outcomes.

Keywords:
ARTHIVadherencehealth care engagementquality measuresreal world

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but care engagement remains suboptimal in the US.
  • Shortfalls in early diagnosis, treatment adherence, and long-term care can lead to poorer health outcomes for individuals with HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To benchmark current US HIV care engagement using quality and process measures.
  • To identify specific areas for improvement in the care continuum for patients with HIV.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, claims-based, real-world cohort study analyzing prevalent and incident HIV patients with commercial or public insurance.
  • Assessment of performance against National Quality Forum (NQF), Pharmacy Quality Alliance (PQA), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) measures over four years.

Main Results:

  • Most prevalent HIV patients met measures for prescribed ART and gaps in visits, with better adherence in older age groups.
  • Longer-term visit frequency fell below the UNAIDS target; ART adherence was low (36%-73%).
  • Incident HIV patients showed substantially lower performance on measures, especially visit frequency (32%-51%), and low linkage to care rates (21%-44%).

Conclusions:

  • Significant gaps exist in early HIV care engagement, ART adherence, and long-term retention in care for US patients.
  • Improvements are critically needed in initiating and maintaining consistent care for individuals diagnosed with HIV.
  • The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to enhance the HIV care continuum.