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Related Concept Videos

Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

439
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
439
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

412
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
412
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

373
In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
373
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

482
When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
482
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

453
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
453
Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

Deformation in a Circular Shaft

877
One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
877

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Spinal Cord Lateral Hemisection and Asymmetric Behavioral Assessments in Adult Rats
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Adult spinal deformity.

Bassel G Diebo1, Neil V Shah1, Oheneba Boachie-Adjei2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|July 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult spinal deformity, common in older adults, includes iatrogenic flatback and degenerative scoliosis. While non-operative care is primary, surgical outcomes are favorable, though global disparities in care persist.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Spine Surgery
  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Adult spinal deformity impacts the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine, particularly in individuals over 65.
  • Common causes include iatrogenic flatback and degenerative scoliosis, with increasing healthcare interest due to rising prevalence.
  • Adolescent spinal deformities can persist into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of data and knowledge regarding adult spinal deformity over recent decades.
  • To highlight current assessment and treatment strategies for adult spinal deformity.
  • To address global disparities in the assessment and treatment of adult spinal deformity.

Main Methods:

  • Physical examination focusing on gait and posture.
  • Radiographical assessment integrated with risk stratification indices.
  • Review of evidence and knowledge on adult spinal deformity over several decades.

Main Results:

  • Non-operative treatment is the initial approach, but surgical interventions yield favorable outcomes.
  • Prevalence is high in the population over 65 years.
  • Significant global disparities exist in assessment and treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Adult spinal deformity is a growing concern, especially in the aging population.
  • A combination of clinical assessment and imaging is crucial for treatment planning.
  • Further investigation into global healthcare disparities for adult spinal deformity is warranted.