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    A novel non-contact photoacoustic microscopy system uses stimulated Raman scattering for rapid spectral switching, enabling multiplex functional imaging. This technology reduces motion artifacts, allowing for real-time feedback during blood oxygen saturation measurements in vivo.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Optics
    • Photoacoustic Imaging
    • Microscopy

    Background:

    • Non-contact imaging techniques are crucial for minimizing sample disturbance.
    • Multiplex functional imaging requires rapid spectral switching capabilities.
    • Photoacoustic microscopy offers high contrast for biological tissue visualization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a fiber-tetherable, non-contact photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy system.
    • To demonstrate multiplex functional imaging using rapid spectral switching.
    • To assess the system's performance in quantifying blood oxygen saturation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized stimulated Raman scattering in an optical fiber for rapid (500 kHz) photoacoustic excitation spectral switching.
    • Developed a fiber-tetherable, non-contact microscopy setup.
    • Characterized the system using blood-flow phantoms and in vivo mouse ear models.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated rapid pulse-to-pulse switching of excitation spectral content.
    • Achieved high frame rates, reducing motion artifacts for real-time feedback.
    • Successfully estimated blood oxygen saturation in phantoms and in vivo.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed photoacoustic remote sensing microscopy system enables efficient multiplex functional imaging.
    • Rapid spectral switching is a viable method for enhancing photoacoustic imaging speed and reducing artifacts.
    • The system shows potential for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of physiological parameters like blood oxygenation.