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Related Concept Videos

Symmetric Member in Bending01:07

Symmetric Member in Bending

569
In the study of the mechanics of materials, analyzing the behavior of prismatic members under opposing couples is crucial for understanding internal stress distributions, which are essential for structural design. When subjected to couples, a prismatic member experiences internal forces that maintain equilibrium. A couple, characterized by two equal and opposite forces, creates a moment but no resultant force. The internal forces at any section cut of the member must balance these external...
569
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

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When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
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Beams with Symmetric Loadings01:15

Beams with Symmetric Loadings

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The moment-area method is an analytical tool used in structural engineering to determine the slope and deflection of beams under various loads. Consider a cantilever with a concentrated load and moment at the free end. The first step is constructing a free-body diagram to calculate the reactions at the fixed end. Next, the bending moment diagram is plotted to visualize how the bending moment varies along the beam's length, focusing on points where the bending moment equals zero.
The M/EI...
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Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses01:14

Gravitation Between Spherically Symmetric Masses

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The gravitational potential energy between two spherically symmetric bodies can be calculated from the masses and the distance between the bodies, assuming that the center of mass is concentrated at the respective centers of the bodies.
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Electromotive Force02:36

Electromotive Force

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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Fabrication of Zero Mode Waveguides for High Concentration Single Molecule Microscopy
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Anomalous optical forces in PT-symmetric waveguides.

Mohammad-Ali Miri, Michele Cotrufo, Andrea Alù

    Optics Letters
    |July 16, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Optical forces in parity-time-symmetric waveguides exhibit unique shear stress and tunable normal pressure. This discovery offers new possibilities for microfluidic and micro-optomechanical systems.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Waveguide Optics
    • Quantum Mechanics and Optics
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Evanescently coupled passive waveguides exhibit optical forces.
    • Parity-time-symmetric systems offer unique optical properties with balanced gain and loss.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore optical forces in parity-time-symmetric coupled waveguides.
    • To investigate the nature of stress components and power flow in these systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical analysis of optical forces in parity-time-symmetric coupled waveguides.
    • Examination of stress components (diagonal and off-diagonal) and their relation to power flow.

    Main Results:

    • The system exhibits both normal pressure and shear stress along the propagation direction.

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  • A critical balance of gain and loss can reduce the normal pressure to zero.
  • Anomalous optical forces arise from unusual power flow in active-passive channels.

    • Conclusions:

    • Parity-time-symmetric coupled waveguides display novel optical forces with tunable characteristics.
    • These findings present opportunities for advancements in microfluidics and micro-optomechanical systems.