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Respiratory Virus Epidemiology Among US Infants With Severe Bronchiolitis: Analysis of 2 Multicenter, Multiyear

Kohei Hasegawa1, Tadahiro Goto1, Atsushi Hirayama2

  • 1From the Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|July 16, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and rhinovirus were the most common causes of infant bronchiolitis hospitalizations. Pathogen seasonality varied significantly by month and region, especially for RSV subtypes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Respiratory Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory infection in infants, frequently requiring hospitalization.
  • Identifying common causative pathogens and their seasonal patterns is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the most frequent pathogens causing infant bronchiolitis hospitalizations.
  • To analyze the seasonal distribution and regional variations of these pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2 multicenter cohort studies.
  • Inclusion of 2912 infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis between 2007 and 2014.
  • Statistical analysis of pathogen frequency and temporal patterns.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was the predominant pathogen (76.5%), followed by rhinovirus (23.8%).
  • Other common pathogens included coronavirus, adenovirus, and human metapneumovirus.
  • Significant seasonal differences in hospitalization months were observed for most pathogens, except coronavirus.
  • Regional heterogeneity in temporal patterns was noted for RSV-A and RSV-B.

Conclusions:

  • RSV and rhinovirus are the leading viral culprits in infant bronchiolitis hospitalizations.
  • The seasonality of these infections exhibits significant temporal and regional variability, impacting public health planning.
  • Understanding these epidemiological patterns is vital for optimizing prevention and management strategies.

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