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Bidirectional Interference Between Simulated Driving and Speaking.

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Speaking while driving, even in simulation, affects both speech and driving performance. While divided attention impacts performance, age did not significantly alter the degree of interference between these tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Speech Science

Background:

  • Divided attention is a critical factor in multitasking, impacting performance in complex activities like driving and speaking.
  • Understanding the interplay between speech production and driving is essential for road safety and human-computer interaction.
  • Age-related cognitive changes may influence the ability to manage divided attention tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the interference between speaking and simulated driving using acoustic and driving performance measures.
  • To investigate how divided attention affects speech characteristics and driving behavior.
  • To examine age-related differences in speech and driving performance under divided attention conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Three age groups (younger, middle-aged, older adults) performed monologues and a simulated freeway driving task.
  • Tasks were conducted separately and concurrently to assess divided attention effects.
  • Acoustic measures of speech and driving performance metrics (speed, lane position, steering adjustments) were recorded.

Main Results:

  • Significant divided attention effects observed: reduced speaking time, increased vocal intensity, speed variability, and steering adjustments.
  • Age differences noted: younger adults showed less vocal intensity and fundamental frequency variation; older adults exhibited more speed and steering variability.
  • Lane position variation was lowest in younger adults.
  • The degree of interference between speaking and driving did not differ significantly across age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Divided attention significantly impairs both speech production and simulated driving performance.
  • Age influences specific speech and driving parameters, but not the overall interference effect from divided attention.
  • Findings highlight the cognitive load associated with concurrent speech and driving, with implications for safety and task design.