Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dimensional Analysis03:40

Dimensional Analysis

60.2K
Dimensional analysis, also known as the factor label method, is a versatile approach for mathematical operations. The main principle behind this approach is: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers. This method can be applied to computations ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex and multi-step calculations involving several different quantities and their units.
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
The unit...
60.2K
Constant Volume Calorimetry02:41

Constant Volume Calorimetry

30.6K
Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
30.6K
Work Done During Volume Change01:17

Work Done During Volume Change

5.1K
In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when the system's volume changes during any thermodynamic process.
Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as
5.1K
Respiratory Volumes01:15

Respiratory Volumes

2.9K
Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
2.9K
Volume of Distribution01:20

Volume of Distribution

1.2K
The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.
1.2K
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

4.8K
The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
4.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Decision Tree Cost Analysis of Intracranial Bleed Detection Using a Near-Infrared Device Across Various Healthcare Levels.

Journal of market access & health policy·2026
Same author

Editorial: Precision nutrition for lifestyle, health and disease.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2026
Same author

Role of SSEP and MEP as a Predictor of Postoperative Outcome in Spine Surgery Cases: A Prospective Observational Study.

Neurology India·2026
Same author

Innate Immune Receptor NLRX1: Potential Modulator of Glioblastoma Pathophysiology.

Journal of cellular physiology·2026
Same author

Reverse brain herniation following CSF diversion in a 2-year-old child-case report and review of literature.

Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Machine learning in ARDS: an intensivist's guide to artificial intelligence applications.

Critical care (London, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
08:08

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery

Published on: May 6, 2020

4.1K

Three-Dimensional Volume Rendering: An Underutilized Tool in Neurosurgery.

Deepak K Jha1, Puspinder Khera2, Suryanarayanan Bhaskar1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.

World Neurosurgery
|July 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Volume rendering (VR) of CT and MRI scans enhances 3D understanding of brain and spine lesions for neurosurgeons. This technique aids surgical planning and training, particularly for inexperienced surgeons.

Keywords:
Computed tomographyMagnetic resonance imagingNeurosurgeryThree dimensionalVolume rendering

More Related Videos

Three-dimensional Rendering and Analysis of Immunolabeled, Clarified Human Placental Villous Vascular Networks
09:33

Three-dimensional Rendering and Analysis of Immunolabeled, Clarified Human Placental Villous Vascular Networks

Published on: March 29, 2018

10.2K
Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery
14:15

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Published on: January 11, 2020

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
08:08

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery

Published on: May 6, 2020

4.1K
Three-dimensional Rendering and Analysis of Immunolabeled, Clarified Human Placental Villous Vascular Networks
09:33

Three-dimensional Rendering and Analysis of Immunolabeled, Clarified Human Placental Villous Vascular Networks

Published on: March 29, 2018

10.2K
Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery
14:15

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Published on: January 11, 2020

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Imaging
  • 3D Visualization

Background:

  • Two-dimensional CT and MRI scans lack sufficient depth for complex intracranial and spinal lesion visualization.
  • Inexperienced neurosurgeons often struggle with spatial understanding from conventional 2D imaging.
  • Accurate 3D anatomical comprehension is crucial for effective neurosurgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the application of volume rendering (VR) for CT and MRI studies in neurosurgery.
  • To demonstrate the utility of VR in surgical training and preoperative planning for brain and spine lesions.
  • To highlight the benefits of VR in improving 3D spatial understanding for neurosurgeons.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer software on personal computers.
  • Processed CT and MRI datasets of various brain, spine, and spinal cord lesions.
  • Employed user-friendly software features for image editing and 3D reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • High-quality 3D VR images were achieved using CT/MRI with 1 mm slice thickness and zero gap.
  • VR was particularly beneficial for complex lesions: skull base, intracranial vessels (aneurysms, AVMs), craniovertebral junction, and contrast-enhancing brain lesions.
  • Intraoperative display of VR images, oriented to patient position, improved surgical field orientation.

Conclusions:

  • Volume rendering is an underutilized yet valuable tool in neurosurgery.
  • VR significantly enhances understanding of lesion morphology and surrounding osteoneurovascular structures for surgeons.
  • VR is effective for training and preoperative planning, especially for enhancing spatial comprehension in neurosurgical procedures.