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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading
Published on: March 6, 2014
Phosphorus recovery through struvite crystallisation: Recent developments in the understanding of operational factors
Bing Li1, Hai Ming Huang2, Irina Boiarkina3
1School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Nan Yang Institute of Technology, Nan Yang, Henan, China; Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Abstract:
Phosphorus is an essential element for life and is predicted to deplete within the next 100 years. Struvite crystallization is a potential phosphorus recovery technique to mitigate this problem by producing a slow release fertilizer. However, complex wastewater composition and a large number of process variables result in process uncertainties, making the process difficult to predict and control. This paper reviews the research progress on struvite crystallization fundamentals to address this challenge. The influence of manipulated variables (e.g. seed material, magnesium dosage and pH) and sources of variation on phosphorus removal efficiency (e.g. organics and heavy metal concentration) and product purity were investigated. Recently developed models to describe, control and optimize those variables were also discussed. This review helps to identify potential challenges in different wastewater streams and provide valuable information for future phosphorus recovery unit design. It therefore paves the way for commercialization of struvite crystallization in the future.
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