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Related Concept Videos

Absolute and Local Extreme Values01:22

Absolute and Local Extreme Values

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The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
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An Extremely High IgA Value in a Young Child.

Aurélien Schrapp, Charles Brossard, Brunel Valéry

    Clinical Laboratory
    |July 17, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Isolated hyper-IgA in children can signal serious underlying conditions. Prompt diagnosis of this immunoglobulin A elevation may aid in identifying diseases like hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Immunology
    • Clinical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Elevated immunoglobulin A (hyper-IgA) is observed in children, though its etiology is less understood than other immunoglobulin classes.
    • Isolated hyper-IgA can serve as a crucial diagnostic marker, especially in pediatric cases with unclear initial symptoms.

    Observation:

    • A 3-year-old girl presented with acute abdominal pain, initially suspected as appendicitis, and exhibited a severe inflammatory response.
    • Recurrent fever episodes were noted in her medical history.
    • Serum analysis revealed a markedly elevated immunoglobulin A (IgA) level, approximately 17 times the upper limit of normal, without evidence of infection.

    Findings:

    • The patient displayed an isolated, extremely high concentration of IgA.
    • Diagnostic workup ruled out infection as the primary cause for the elevated IgA.

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    Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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    Implications:

    • This case underscores the clinical importance of isolated hyper-IgA in pediatric patients, often associated with severe diseases.
    • Recognizing isolated hyper-IgA can expedite the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome, a significant autoinflammatory disorder.