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Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
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Upper extremity neuropathies.

John C Kincaid1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|July 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electrodiagnostic (EDX) evaluation is crucial for diagnosing common upper extremity nerve disorders like carpal tunnel syndrome. Techniques like needle electromyography (EMG) help differentiate nerve lesions and assess brachial plexus disorders.

Keywords:
Brachial plexopathyCarpal tunnel syndromeElectrodiagnostic evaluationNeedle EMGNerve conduction studiesNeuropathy at the elbowRadial neuropathyUInar

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most frequent peripheral nerve disorder affecting the upper extremity.
  • Accurate diagnosis of upper extremity nerve conditions is essential for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the electrodiagnostic (EDX) evaluation methods for upper extremity nerves and the brachial plexus.
  • To highlight the utility of EDX in diagnosing and differentiating various nerve disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Electrodiagnostic (EDX) techniques, including needle electromyography (EMG).
  • Differentiation of proximal versus distal median neuropathies.
  • Distinguishing ulnar neuropathy at the elbow versus the wrist.
  • Identifying specific EDX patterns for radial neuropathy at the spiral groove.

Main Results:

  • EDX techniques can differentiate between proximal and distal median neuropathies.
  • Ulnar neuropathies at different locations (elbow vs. wrist) are distinguishable via EDX.
  • Radial neuropathy at the spiral groove exhibits a characteristic EDX pattern.
  • EDX is valuable for assessing complex brachial plexopathies.

Conclusions:

  • Electrodiagnostic evaluation is a key tool for diagnosing upper extremity nerve conditions.
  • EDX aids in the differential diagnosis of brachial plexus disorders.
  • Standardized EDX approaches improve diagnostic accuracy for peripheral nerve disorders.