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Related Concept Videos

Glomerular Filtration01:15

Glomerular Filtration

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The filtration membrane in the renal system is a highly specialized structure essential for filtering blood. It consists of glomerular capillaries and podocytes, forming a selective barrier that permits the passage of water and small solutes while restricting most plasma proteins and blood cells.
Components of the Filtration Membrane
The filtration process involves three key layers: the glomerular endothelial cells, the basement membrane, and the podocyte-formed filtration slits.
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Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation01:28

Glomerular Filtration Rate and its Regulation

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The Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function, reflecting the volume of filtrate formed per minute in the kidneys. On average, GFR is approximately 125 mL/min in males and 105 mL/min in females. Maintaining a relatively constant GFR is essential for the kidneys to effectively regulate body fluid homeostasis and maintain extracellular stability.
GFR regulation involves two primary intrinsic controls: the myogenic and tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms.
The myogenic...
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Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure01:26

Glomerular Filtration: Net Filtration Pressure

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Glomerular filtration, a key process in the kidneys, is regulated by three main pressures: Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP), Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP), and Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP).
GBHP, with an average value of 55 mmHg, promotes filtration by pushing water and solutes through the filtration membrane. This is balanced by two opposing forces: CHP, a "back pressure" exerted against the filtration membrane by fluid already in the capsular space and renal...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration01:02

Renal Drug Excretion: Glomerular Filtration

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production occurs. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent arterioles....
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Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Glomerular Filtration01:17

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Glomerular Filtration

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The kidney serves as the primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs and their metabolites from the body. This process, known as renal elimination, starts with glomerular filtration and results in urine formation. Each kidney houses millions of functional units called nephrons, where urine production takes place. A nephron has two main components: a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. Drugs gain access to the kidney via the renal artery, which progressively branches off into afferent...
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Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration01:29

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

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The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
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Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease

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Glomerular Function and Structural Integrity Depend on Hyaluronan Synthesis by Glomerular Endothelium.

Bernard M van den Berg1, Gangqi Wang1, Margien G S Boels1

  • 1The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, and.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|July 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The endothelial glycocalyx, crucial for kidney function, is destabilized by hyaluronan loss, leading to diabetic nephropathy-like symptoms in mice. This finding highlights hyaluronan

Keywords:
angiopoietin-1glomerular endothelial cellsglomerulosclerosisglycocalyxhyaluronan

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Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mice
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Isolation of Glomeruli and In Vivo Labeling of Glomerular Cell Surface Proteins

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Assessment of Kidney Function in Mouse Models of Glomerular Disease
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Transdermal Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Mice
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Isolation of Glomeruli and In Vivo Labeling of Glomerular Cell Surface Proteins
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Isolation of Glomeruli and In Vivo Labeling of Glomerular Cell Surface Proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Renal physiology and pathophysiology
  • Endothelial glycocalyx biology
  • Diabetic nephropathy research

Background:

  • The endothelial glycocalyx, composed of proteoglycans and proteins, covers endothelial cells.
  • Previous studies showed short-term loss of the luminal glycocalyx disrupts glomerular filtration.
  • The role of the endothelial glycocalyx in renal function requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the endothelial glycocalyx layer in renal function.
  • To explore the function of hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) in maintaining endothelial glycocalyx integrity.
  • To examine the presence of endothelial hyaluronan in human diabetic nephropathy.

Main Methods:

  • Generated mice with inducible, endothelium-specific deletion of hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2).
  • Analyzed kidney structure and function in genetically modified mice.
  • Examined human kidney tissue from patients with diabetic nephropathy using a hyaluronan-specific probe.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial deletion of Has2 caused significant glycocalyx loss, vascular destabilization (mesangiolysis, capillary ballooning), and albuminuria in mice.
  • Progressive kidney damage in mice mimicked human diabetic nephropathy, including glomerular capillary rarefaction and glomerulosclerosis.
  • Loss of glomerular endothelial hyaluronan and disturbed angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling were observed in both mouse models and human diabetic nephropathy tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial hyaluronan is essential for glomerular endothelial stabilization and kidney structure/function.
  • Loss of endothelial hyaluronan contributes to glomerular destabilization and kidney disease progression.
  • Glomerular endothelial hyaluronan is a key, previously unrecognized component of the extracellular matrix lost in diabetic nephropathy.