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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

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NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

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A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
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Ultrahigh-resolution spectrometer based on 19 integrated gratings.

An-Qing Jiang1,2, Kai-Yan Zang1, Hua-Tian Tu1

  • 1Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Scientific Reports
|July 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel optical spectrometer achieving ultrahigh resolution (<0.012 nm/pixel) in the 170-600 nm range. Utilizing a grating-integrated module and advanced backside-illuminated CMOS detector, it offers high-speed spectral acquisition without moving parts.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical spectroscopy
  • Photonics instrumentation
  • Advanced detector technology

Background:

  • Optical spectrometers are crucial for scientific research and diverse applications, providing essential photonic information.
  • Existing spectrometers face limitations in resolution, speed, and spectral coverage.
  • The development of high-performance spectrometers is vital for advancing scientific discovery and technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a new optical spectrometer with ultrahigh spectral resolution.
  • To demonstrate a novel design utilizing a grating-integrated module and advanced detector technology.
  • To achieve high data acquisition speed and seamless spectral coverage without moving parts.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a grating-integrated module with 19 subgratings, eliminating the need for moving parts.
  • Utilized a 2D backside-illuminated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (BSI-CMOS) array detector (2048x2048 pixels).
  • Enhanced the detector's photon-sensing size to approximately 428 mm (38912 pixels) for seamless spectral connection.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an ultrahigh resolution better than 0.012 nm/pixel in the 170-600 nm spectral region.
  • Attained a high data acquisition speed of approximately 25 spectra per second.
  • Demonstrated superior performance with the highest reported k parameter of ~3.58 x 10^4.

Conclusions:

  • The developed spectrometer offers unprecedented resolution and speed for optical measurements.
  • The grating-integrated module and BSI-CMOS detector combination enables advanced spectrometer design.
  • This work paves the way for future research in precision spectrometers utilizing advanced detector technologies.