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Sliding dominates slow-flowing margin regions, Greenland Ice Sheet
Nathan Maier1, Neil Humphrey1, Joel Harper2
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
Science Advances
|July 17, 2019
Summary
Ice flow on the Greenland Ice Sheet is dominated by basal sliding, even in winter without meltwater. This sliding, driven by a slippery bed, maximizes ice discharge from the margins.
Area of Science:
- Glaciology
- Earth Science
- Cryosphere Dynamics
Background:
- Ice flow on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) involves deformation and sliding.
- Marginal regions of GrIS deliver ice for melting.
- Understanding these motion mechanisms is crucial for ice sheet mass balance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure the contributions of ice deformation and basal sliding to ice motion.
- To investigate the drivers of ice motion in the GrIS ablation zone.
- To assess the typicality of observed ice flow conditions at ice sheet margins.
Main Methods:
- Deployment of a 3D array of 212 tilt sensors in boreholes drilled to the bed.
- Monitoring ice motion at the basal interface within the GrIS ablation zone.
- Modeling ice flow dynamics constrained by detailed tilt observations.
Main Results:
- Basal sliding was found to be the dominant mechanism of ice motion throughout the winter.
- Significant ice motion occurred despite a hard bedrock substrate and absence of surface meltwater.
- A slippery bed with sparsely spaced bedrock bumps was identified as the cause of high sliding rates.
Conclusions:
- Most ice flow near the margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet is primarily driven by basal sliding.
- The observed conditions are typical for ice sheet margins, suggesting widespread dominance of sliding.
- Marginal ice fluxes are near their theoretical maximum, indicating efficient ice discharge.
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