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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

620
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.3K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

692
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
692
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

1.3K
Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
1.3K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
09:29

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model

Published on: March 20, 2020

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Breast Cancer and Anesthesia.

Aida Raigon-Ponferrada1,2,3, María E D Recio1,4, Jose L Guerrero-Orriach1,2,3,5

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga [IBIMA], Malaga, Spain.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|July 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breast cancer is a diverse disease with multiple subtypes, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for effective treatment. Management strategies, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy, depend on the cancer

Keywords:
Anesthetic drugs and techniquesbreast cancercancer recurrenceimmune cellsnatural killer cellsopioidspropofolvolatile agent.

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Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
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Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer

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Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
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Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System
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Modeling Breast Cancer in Human Breast Tissue using a Microphysiological System

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Medical Treatment

Background:

  • Breast cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease with distinct histological and genomic subtypes.
  • These subtypes have significant prognostic and therapeutic implications, necessitating personalized treatment strategies.
  • Effective breast cancer management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, radiotherapists, and medical oncologists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the classification of breast cancer based on its stage (local/locoregional vs. metastatic).
  • To describe the treatment modalities for different stages of breast cancer.
  • To emphasize the importance of tailored therapeutic interventions based on disease characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of breast cancer into local (90-95% of cases) and metastatic (5% of cases) based on disease stage.
  • Determination of treatment plans based on the specific stage of breast cancer.
  • Overview of treatment options including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and biological therapy.

Main Results:

  • Local breast cancer management primarily involves surgery and/or radiotherapy.
  • Systemic (metastatic) breast cancer treatment requires chemotherapy and/or endocrine and/or biological therapy.
  • Treatment decisions are critically dependent on the stage and subtype of the breast cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The heterogeneity of breast cancer necessitates individualized treatment plans.
  • A multidisciplinary team is essential for comprehensive breast cancer care.
  • Treatment strategies must be adapted to the specific stage and biological characteristics of the tumor.