Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing Low-Tech Balance Assessment Methods for Broad-Spectrum Healthcare Applications
Published on: September 1, 2023
[Translation and transcultural adaptation of the Toe Walking Tool: screening tool of toe walking patients]
R Lopez-Bustos-de-Las-Heras1, R Cano-de-la-Cuerda2, A I de-la-Llave-Rincon2
1Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Espana.
Introduction:
The Toe Walking Tool (TWT) is a clinical screening instrument which helps in the differentiation of children with normal development, idiopathic toe-walking or toe-walking due to a medical cause.
Aim:
To carry out the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the TWT for the Spanish pediatric population and to evaluate its content validity.
Subjects And Methods:
This paper was carried out following an inverted method of translation and back-translation. Once the pre-final Spanish version was obtained, its analysis was conducted through the Delphi method by a panel of experts. The content validity of the tool explores its clarity, viability, applicability and usefulness.
Results:
An expert panel composed by 15 professionals determine the content validity of the Spanish version of the TWT. The questionnaire translated and adapted transculturally into Spanish presented an excellent global content validity index (0.94) and the expert committee considered that the scale was easily understandable, viable, simple to apply and useful in the pediatric setting.
Conclusions:
The Spanish version of the TWT presents an excellent content validity and is an understandable, viable, simple and useful assessment tool. It is necessary to carry out future studies to analyze its psychometric properties with a Spanish pediatric population.
Related Concept Videos
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
Overview of Microsoft Excel as a Data Analysis Tool
Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
Translation
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
Initiation of Translation
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Termination of Translation

