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Related Concept Videos

Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

38.4K
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Molecular Shape and Polarity03:37

Molecular Shape and Polarity

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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

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Ion Concentration Polarization for Microparticle Mesoporosity Differentiation.

Miguel Solsona1, Vasileios A Papadimitriou1, Wouter Olthuis1

  • 1BIOS-Lab on a chip group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology , Max Planck-University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics University of Twente , Drienerlolaan 5 , Enschede , The Netherlands.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|July 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an inexpensive method using ion concentration polarization to measure single microparticle mesoporosity differences. This technique differentiates particles by pore size, offering a valuable tool for materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional microparticle porosity analysis yields bulk averages, obscuring individual particle contributions.
  • Single particle characterization methods are often technologically complex and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an accessible method for assessing mesoporosity at the single microparticle level.
  • To leverage ion concentration polarization for differentiating microparticles based on their pore structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ion concentration polarization at the electrolyte-particle interface under an applied electric field.
  • Employed a fluorescence marker to quantify concentration polarization differences.
  • Developed a qualitative model to interpret the observed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured distinct concentration polarization signals between microparticles with 3 nm and 13 nm average mesopore diameters.
  • Demonstrated that the extent of ion concentration polarization is sensitive to mesopore size and density.

Conclusions:

  • Ion concentration polarization offers an inexpensive approach for single-particle mesoporosity characterization.
  • This method has potential applications in evaluating mesoporous materials, including catalysts.