Membrane-based technologies for zero liquid discharge and fluoride removal from industrial wastewater
Mekdimu Mezemir Damtie1, Ruth Habte Hailemariam1, Yun Chul Woo2
1Department of Construction Environment Engineering, KICT School, University of Science & Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere
|July 17, 2019
Summary
The hybrid crystallization-reverse osmosis (HRO) technique effectively treats high fluoride wastewater, achieving zero liquid discharge and effluent standards. This advanced method shows superior performance and mineral recovery compared to other processes.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Engineering
- Water Treatment Technologies
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- High fluoride concentration in wastewater poses environmental and health risks.
- Conventional defluoridation methods often struggle to meet stringent discharge standards.
- Emerging technologies are needed to address challenges in treating high-fluoride industrial effluents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of the hybrid crystallization-reverse osmosis (HRO) technique for defluoridation.
- To compare HRO performance against standalone reverse osmosis (SRO), nanofiltration (SNF), and membrane distillation (SMD).
- To assess HRO's capabilities in flux, fluoride removal, fouling, mineral recovery, and compliance with zero liquid discharge (ZLD) and effluent discharge standards (EDS).
Main Methods:
- Simulated wastewater with a high initial fluoride concentration (IFC) of 6600 mg/L was used.
- The hybrid crystallization-reverse osmosis (HRO) process was optimized for calcium dose and pH.
- Performance metrics including flux, fluoride removal efficiency, and fouling were compared across HRO, SRO, SNF, and SMD.
Main Results:
- HRO achieved a final effluent fluoride level of 1.21 mg/L with a flux of 49.3 LMH.
- Standalone reverse osmosis (SRO) was ineffective for IFC > 614 mg/L without pretreatment.
- HRO demonstrated significant mineral recovery and reduced organic fouling, outperforming SRO and SNF in fluoride removal.
Conclusions:
- Low-pressure HRO is a viable technology for treating wastewater with high fluoride concentrations.
- HRO effectively meets zero liquid discharge (ZLD) and effluent discharge standards (EDS).
- The HRO technique offers comparable mineral recovery to membrane distillation (SMD) with enhanced defluoridation capabilities.
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