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Related Concept Videos

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

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The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
The heart is the central pump of the cardiovascular system that circulates blood throughout the body. It comprises two atria receiving the blood and two ventricles pumping blood out of the heart. Their rhythmic contractions, called heartbeats, ensure that blood flow remains continuous.
Blood Vessels
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Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

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The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System II: Inspection01:29

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Inspection is the initial step in assessing the cardiovascular system. It involves a detailed visual examination that provides crucial information about a patient's circulatory and cardiac health. This systematic process, conducted from head to toe, helps identify signs of cardiovascular conditions by observing physical appearance, skin and mucous membranes, jugular and carotid pulsations, chest symmetry, and the condition of the extremities.
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation01:25

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Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis
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[Gut Microbiome and Cardiovascular Disease].

Hans-Michael Steffen, Münevver Demir

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |July 17, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review explores how the gut microbiome influences cardiovascular disease risk factors like aging, diet, and body weight. It examines the microbiome

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Science
    • Microbiome Research
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Established cardiovascular disease risk factors include aging, physical activity, body weight, and diet.
    • These factors significantly impact the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome.
    • The gut microbiome's role in cardiovascular health is an emerging area of research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current data on the gut microbiome's influence on cardiovascular health.
    • To elucidate the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome affects blood pressure and vascular function.
    • To explore the microbiome's potential contribution to atherosclerosis and heart failure.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of existing studies.
    • Analysis of data linking lifestyle factors to microbiome changes and cardiovascular outcomes.

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  • Synthesis of current understanding of gut-heart axis interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure.
    • Microbiome alterations are linked to impaired vascular function.
    • Specific microbial metabolites and pathways may contribute to atherosclerosis and heart failure development.

    Conclusions:

    • The gut microbiome is a significant modulator of cardiovascular health.
    • Targeting the gut microbiome presents a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
    • Further research is needed to fully understand the complex gut-heart interactions.