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Cardiovascular risk in scuba divers.

Nicola Marchitto1, Nazzareno Iannarelli2, Paola T Paparello3

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Scuba diving appears safe for cardiovascular health, showing significant improvements in heart rate intervals but no significant increase in normalized QT corrected (QTc) index. The activity also modulates autonomic nervous system activity, suggesting potential benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Physiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular risk assessment in divers is crucial.
  • Previous research on scuba diving's cardiovascular impact is limited.
  • Understanding physiological responses to diving is essential for diver safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of scuba diving on cardiovascular risk.
  • To analyze changes in heart rate variability and electrocardiographic parameters post-diving.
  • To investigate the role of autonomic nervous system modulation during scuba diving.

Main Methods:

  • 14 subjects (12 males, 1 female, mean age 49±12.2 years) participated.
  • Electrocardiography (ECG) was performed before and after scuba diving.
  • Measurements included RR interval, QT interval, QTc index, Tpeak-Tend index, and heart rate variability (HRV) indices (SD1, SD2).

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant improvements observed in RR and QT intervals.
  • No statistically significant increase in the QT corrected (QTc) index.
  • Significant modifications in SD1 and SD2 indices, indicating altered parasympathetic and orthosympathetic activity.
  • Scuba diving was not associated with a statistically significant variation in overall cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:

  • Scuba diving significantly alters neurovegetative tone, primarily through increased parasympathetic activity.
  • Non-linear analysis reveals significant changes in autonomic nervous system function.
  • Preliminary findings suggest scuba diving does not elevate cardiovascular risk, but further research is warranted.