Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

15.1K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
15.1K
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

127.8K
Overview
127.8K
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

7.2K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
7.2K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

834
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
834
Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

663
Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
663
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

560
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
560

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Atypical B cells and inflammatory profiles delineate immunity to influenza vaccination in First Nations and non-Indigenous people with chronic multimorbidity.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Case Report: BKV-specific T cells: a fast, safe and potentially effective treatment option for refractory BKV infections in pediatric patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Human CART22.19 therapy in refractory pediatric B-ALL: insights from a named-patient cohort.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same author

High-dimensional multiomics reveals perturbations to IL-6/IL-6R axis and RUNX3 in CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells during third-trimester pregnancy.

Clinical & translational immunology·2026
Same author

Influenza vaccine responses differ between young children previously exposed to influenza antigens via infection versus vaccination.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

CTL lymph node entrapment drives lymphopenia in severe influenza infection.

Mucosal immunology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Generation of Recombinant Influenza Virus from Plasmid DNA
11:31

Generation of Recombinant Influenza Virus from Plasmid DNA

Published on: August 3, 2010

31.9K

Recalling the Future: Immunological Memory Toward Unpredictable Influenza Viruses.

Maria Auladell1, Xiaoxiao Jia1, Luca Hensen1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Generating robust CD8+ T cell memory offers a promising strategy to overcome limitations of current influenza vaccines, which struggle against rapidly evolving viruses. This approach aims to provide broader protection against seasonal and pandemic strains.

Keywords:
B cellsT cellsimmunological memoryinfluenzavaccine

More Related Videos

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B
05:38

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B

Published on: January 30, 2017

16.1K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

35.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Generation of Recombinant Influenza Virus from Plasmid DNA
11:31

Generation of Recombinant Influenza Virus from Plasmid DNA

Published on: August 3, 2010

31.9K
Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B
05:38

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B

Published on: January 30, 2017

16.1K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

35.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Vaccination relies on immunological memory, specifically memory B and T cells, for sustained protection against influenza viruses.
  • Current influenza vaccines require frequent reformulation due to rapid viral evolution (antigenic drift) and are often ineffective against novel pandemic strains.
  • Antibody-mediated immunity, while crucial, has limitations against rapidly changing influenza viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the generation and maintenance of long-term immunological memory following influenza vaccination, focusing on B cells and follicular T cells.
  • To explore the establishment of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) memory after influenza infection.
  • To investigate the potential of leveraging cross-reactive CD8+ CTLs for broader and more durable protection against evolving influenza viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on B cell and T cell responses to influenza vaccination and infection.
  • Analysis of mechanisms underlying the generation and survival of long-lived antibody-secreting cells and memory B cells.
  • Examination of CD8+ CTL memory development and recall responses.

Main Results:

  • Influenza vaccination elicits B cells and follicular T cells that contribute to immunological memory.
  • CD8+ CTL memory is established following influenza infection, enabling rapid recall responses.
  • Cross-reactive CD8+ CTLs offer potential for broad protection against diverse and evolving influenza strains.

Conclusions:

  • Developing vaccines that promote long-term, cross-reactive CD8+ CTL memory could enhance protection against unpredictable influenza viruses.
  • This strategy may offer a solution to the limitations of current antibody-dependent vaccines, particularly in preventing widespread pandemics.
  • Harnessing CTL memory represents a promising avenue for improved influenza vaccine design and pandemic preparedness.