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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

636
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
636
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

3.4K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
3.4K
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

3.4K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.4K
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

192
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
192
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

231
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
231
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

235
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
235

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans

Published on: December 19, 2014

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High-Throughput Yeast Aging Analysis for Cryptococcus (HYAAC) microfluidic device streamlines aging studies in

Erika P Orner1, Pengchao Zhang2,3, Myeong C Jo2,3

  • 11Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.

Communications Biology
|July 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new microfluidic device, HYAAC, enables efficient study of aging in Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn). This tool improves analysis of age-related traits and antifungal resistance in the deadly fungal pathogen.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial resistanceFungal pathogenesisLab-on-a-chip

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Size Matters: Measurement of Capsule Diameter in Cryptococcus neoformans
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Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Aging Research
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) causes approximately 180,000 deaths annually.
  • Antifungal resistance and treatment failure are growing concerns in Cn infections.
  • Aging is a key virulence factor in Cn, enhancing resilience to host defenses and antifungals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel microfluidic device for studying yeast aging in Cn.
  • To improve the efficiency and precision of analyzing age-related phenotypes and lifespan in Cn.
  • To facilitate high-throughput investigation of genes associated with aging and antifungal resistance in Cn.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the High-Throughput Yeast Aging Analysis for Cryptococcus (HYAAC) microfluidic device.
  • Utilizing HYAAC to isolate, manipulate, and track individual Cn cells throughout their lifespan.
  • Comparing HYAAC efficiency and capabilities with traditional yeast aging study methods.

Main Results:

  • The HYAAC device offers superior efficiency for isolating and observing aged Cn cells.
  • HYAAC enables precise measurement of lifespan and tracking of age-related phenotypes.
  • The device supports high-throughput screening for genes involved in Cn aging and resilience.

Conclusions:

  • The HYAAC microfluidic device is a powerful and efficient tool for studying aging in Cryptococcus neoformans.
  • This technology can advance our understanding of Cn virulence, antifungal resistance, and host-pathogen interactions.
  • HYAAC provides a foundation for developing improved therapeutic strategies against cryptococcosis.