Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026
10:28
An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart
Published on: June 7, 2015
17.9K
Changes in Reported Injection Behaviors Following the Public Health Response to an HIV Outbreak Among People Who
Sharoda Dasgupta1, Dita Broz2, Mary Tanner2
1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. sdasgupta@cdc.gov.
AIDS and Behavior
|July 18, 2019
Summary
Syringe services programs (SSPs) reduced high-risk behaviors like syringe sharing among people who inject drugs (PWID) following an HIV outbreak. High SSP use, especially by HIV-positive PWID, decreased unsafe practices and contributed to controlling the outbreak.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Prevention
Background:
- An HIV outbreak among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Scott County, Indiana, necessitated public health interventions.
- Understanding pre-outbreak injection behaviors and their association with HIV status is crucial for targeted prevention.
- The establishment of a syringe services program (SSP) aimed to mitigate further transmission.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine injection behaviors associated with HIV status among Indiana-based PWID.
- To assess the utilization of a newly established SSP by PWID.
- To evaluate changes in injection behaviors after the outbreak response and SSP implementation.
Main Methods:
- A survey of 200 PWID in Indiana assessed injection behaviors before and after the outbreak response (2016).
- Statistical analyses, including Fisher's exact Chi square and McNemar's tests, were used to compare groups and time periods.
- Injection behaviors were analyzed in relation to HIV status and SSP utilization.
Main Results:
- Pre-outbreak behaviors like sharing syringes/cookers and injecting extended release oxymorphone were linked to HIV infection.
- SSP use was high (86%), with greater uptake among HIV-positive (98%) versus HIV-negative (84%) PWID.
- Post-response, injection equipment sharing decreased, and safe syringe disposal increased, particularly among HIV-positive individuals.
Conclusions:
- Injection equipment sharing significantly contributed to the HIV outbreak.
- High SSP utilization, especially by HIV-positive PWID, was associated with reduced high-risk injection practices.
- SSPs are effective in mitigating infectious disease outbreaks among PWID.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections
261
Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
261
00:59Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection
409
In pharmacokinetics, the elimination rate of a drug following a capacity-limited model is primarily controlled by two parameters: Vmax and KM. These parameters are crucial in how the drug behaves inside the body after administration.
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...
409
01:24Data Reporting and Recording
5.4K
Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
5.4K
01:08Gas Chromatography: Sample Injection Systems
1.4K
In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
Two primary injection methods are used...
Two primary injection methods are used...
1.4K
01:21Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview
3.0K
When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
3.0K
01:18Steps in Outbreak Investigation
498
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
498