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Functional correlates of cognitive dysfunction in clinically isolated syndromes.
Sanuji Gajamange1, Annie Shelton2, Meaghan Clough3
1Department of Medicine and Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Plos One
|July 18, 2019
Summary
Cognitive dysfunction in clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) linked to multiple sclerosis can be detected with eye movement tests. Functional MRI reveals altered brain network activity in CIS patients, correlating with subtle cognitive changes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neurology
- Radiology
Background:
- Cognitive dysfunction is a known issue in multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is an early stage suggestive of MS.
- Ocular motor testing can detect cognitive deficits in CIS patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the neural basis of cognitive dysfunction in CIS using functional MRI (fMRI).
- To investigate functional brain network changes associated with cognitive performance in CIS.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 18 CIS patients and 17 healthy controls.
- Conducted neurological, neuropsychological, and functional MRI (fMRI) assessments.
- Utilized a cognitive ocular motor task with pro-saccade and anti-saccade trials.
Main Results:
- CIS patients showed a trend towards higher anti-saccade error rates (p=0.09).
- fMRI revealed increased activation in the right postcentral gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, and right parietal operculum in CIS patients during anti-saccade tasks.
- These brain regions are involved in cognitive processing and eye movement control.
Conclusions:
- Functional brain network organization is altered in CIS patients.
- These alterations correlate with subtle cognitive changes observed in CIS.
- Ocular motor tasks combined with fMRI can help understand early-stage MS cognitive changes.
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