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Inflammation within the neurovascular unit: Focus on microglia for stroke injury and recovery

Wael Eldahshan1, Susan C Fagan1, Adviye Ergul2

  • 1Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, United States; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center Augusta, GA, United States.

Pharmacological Research
|July 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, are key in neuroinflammation and stroke. Modulating their function, not eliminating them, is crucial for treating brain diseases, considering their diverse roles and sex-based differences.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Neuroinflammation is central to neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
  • Microglia, the brain's resident macrophages, are critical responders to brain injury.
  • Recent research highlights diverse microglial functions beyond inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolving roles of microglia in neuroinflammation.
  • To discuss microglial interactions within the neurovascular unit.
  • To summarize microglial roles in ischemic stroke, including sex differences and comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on microglia and neuroinflammation.
  • Analysis of microglial physiology and function in various brain conditions.
  • Synthesis of data on sex-specific microglial responses and comorbid conditions.

Main Results:

  • Microglia are essential sentinels in neuroinflammation with multifaceted roles.
  • Microglial modulation, rather than elimination, is a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • Sex differences significantly impact microglial physiology and stroke outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • An updated understanding of microglia necessitates a focus on functional modulation.
  • Microglial interactions with the neurovascular unit are critical in stroke.
  • Considering sex differences and comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes is vital for effective stroke treatment.
Keywords:
Co-morbiditiesDiabetesHypertensionMicrogliaNeuroinflammationNeurovascualar UnitSex-differencesStroke

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