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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

Principles of Disease Surveillance

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
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Types of Reports II: Incident or Occurrence Report01:21

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An Incident or Occurrence Report in a healthcare setting is a crucial document used to record any unexpected occurrence that may or may not have affected a patient, employee, or visitor. Such reports are critical to improving patient safety and include all details leading up to and including the event.
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Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports01:26

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Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
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Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program: Annual Report, 2017

Susie Roczo-Farkas1, Daniel Cowley1, Julie E Bines1,2,3

  • 1Enteric Diseases Group, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052.

Communicable Diseases Intelligence (2018)
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PubMed
Summary

In 2017, G2P[4] was the most common rotavirus genotype in Australia, causing gastroenteritis in children and adults. This surveillance data coincided with a shift in the national immunization program to Rotarix.

Keywords:
rotavirusgastroenteritisgenotypessurveillanceAustraliavaccineRotaTeqRotarixG2P[4]G8P[8]equine-like G3P[8]

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rotavirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in young children globally.
  • Genotyping of rotavirus strains is crucial for understanding transmission dynamics and vaccine effectiveness.
  • Australia has a national rotavirus vaccination program.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the rotavirus G and P genotypes identified in Australia from January 1 to December 31, 2017.
  • To monitor rotavirus epidemiology in the context of the national immunization program changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 2,285 faecal specimens referred for rotavirus G and P genotype analysis.
  • Identification of rotavirus strains using molecular methods.
  • Classification of strains as wildtype or vaccine-like.

Main Results:

  • 1,103 samples were confirmed positive for rotavirus.
  • G2P[4] was the dominant wildtype genotype (39%), followed by equine-like G3P[8] (25%) and G8P[8] (16%).
  • Outbreaks of G2P[4], equine-like G3P[8], and G8P[8] were reported across various Australian states.

Conclusions:

  • G2P[4] was the predominant rotavirus genotype circulating in Australia in 2017.
  • Surveillance data provides insights into rotavirus epidemiology following changes to the national immunization program.
  • Continued monitoring of rotavirus genotypes is essential for public health strategies.