Renal failure caused by severe pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP), the transvaginal descent of pelvic organs, can cause mild hydronephrosis but rarely leads to a deterioration in kidney function. We present a case of severe uterovaginal prolapse that caused bilateral ureteral obstruction and led to renal failure and urinary tract infection. During outpatient follow-up, kidney function had already been deteriorating, but POP was not recognised as a causal factor. A longer duration of ureteral obstruction can lead to irreversible kidney damage, and therefore, timely recognition and intervention is of essence. Even in complex cases with various causative factors for kidney injury, the presence of severe POP and kidney injury should prompt the clinician to exclude this cause.