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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.0K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.5K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Pulse control protocols for preserving coherence in dipolar-coupled nuclear spin baths.

A M Waeber1,2, G Gillard3, G Ragunathan3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK. andreas.waeber@tum.de.

Nature Communications
|July 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new control sequences to reduce environmental noise and increase the coherence of solid-state spin qubits. Experiments showed a five-fold coherence increase in nuclear spin baths, improving quantum dot qubit performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Coherence in solid-state spin qubits is significantly limited by decoherence and environmental spin bath fluctuations.
  • Intrabath interactions and inhomogeneity within the spin bath contribute to qubit decoherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel spin bath control sequences to suppress environmental fluctuations.
  • To simultaneously address intrabath interactions and inhomogeneity for enhanced qubit coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Development of advanced spin bath control sequences.
  • Experimental validation using neutral self-assembled quantum dots.
  • Numerical simulations to model spin bath dynamics and validate experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Achieved up to a five-fold increase in the coherence of a bare nuclear spin bath.
  • Numerical simulations confirmed experimental results and revealed emergent thermodynamic behavior.
  • Demonstrated sequence efficiency with non-ideal control pulses for homogeneous spin baths.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sequences effectively suppress spin bath fluctuations, significantly enhancing qubit coherence.
  • Inhomogeneous spin baths present inherent coherence limitations, particularly for strongly correlated systems.
  • Results suggest advantages of strain-free quantum dots for future qubit applications using these control sequences.