Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 22, 2026

08:45
Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants
Published on: September 9, 2009
27.8K
A calmodulin-gated calcium channel links pathogen patterns to plant immunity
Wang Tian1, Congcong Hou1, Zhijie Ren2
1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Nature
|July 19, 2019
Summary
Plant immunity relies on calcium signals. Researchers found that cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) form a calcium channel, activated by a kinase, to trigger plant defense responses upon pathogen detection.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) trigger innate immunity in plants.
- Calcium signaling is crucial for PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the mechanism of PAMP-induced calcium signaling in plants.
- To identify the molecular components responsible for calcium influx during PTI.
Main Methods:
- Investigated the role of cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (CNGC) proteins in Arabidopsis.
- Utilized a reconstitution system to study CNGC2 and CNGC4 protein function.
- Examined the interaction between CNGCs, calmodulin, and BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1).
Main Results:
- CNGC2 and CNGC4 proteins form a functional calcium channel when calcium supply is sufficient.
- This CNGC channel is blocked by calmodulin in the resting state.
- The effector kinase BIK1 phosphorylates and activates the CNGC channel upon pathogen attack, leading to increased cytosolic calcium.
Conclusions:
- CNGC-mediated calcium influx is essential for PAMP-triggered immunity in plants.
- This pathway links pattern-recognition receptors to calcium-dependent defense responses.
- Calcium nutrient status critically influences calcium-dependent PTI.
Related Concept Videos
Non-gated Ion Channels
8.0K
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
8.0K
Ligand-gated Ion Channels
14.0K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
14.0K
Voltage-gated Ion Channels
10.5K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
10.5K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels
7.6K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
7.6K
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism
3.8K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
3.8K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels
5.6K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision. The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
Sensory...
5.6K

