Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

Random and Systematic Errors

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...

Systematic Sampling Method

Systematic Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
Systematic sampling is one of the simplest methods...

Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time

Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time

According to statistical moment theory, mean residence time (MRT) is an important measure in pharmacokinetics. MRT can be defined as the expected mean of a probability density function distribution. It provides valuable insights into drug disposition in the body.
After the administration of a drug through intravenous bolus injection, the drug molecules are distributed throughout the body and remain there for varying periods. The MRT represents the average time these drug molecules stay in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ten-year update on the European Association of Urology Robotic Section (ERUS) fellowship training for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

BJUI compass·2026

Same author

Decoding grapevine elicitation responses through cell culture metabolomics.

BMC plant biology·2026

Same author

Descriptive Profile of Upper Limb Injuries in a Specialized Police Intervention Unit: A Retrospective Study.

Cureus·2026

Same author

Development of the Transurethral Treatment Intermediate Skills Curriculum for TURP (Step 2P): A Cognitive Task Analysis and Delphi Consensus from the European School of Urology.

Journal of endourology·2026

Same author

Proficiency-based training and evidence-based methodology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BJU international·2026

Same author

From Evidence to Implementation: How Should We Screen for Prostate Cancer in the Modern Era?: Editorial to: Nguyen DD, Tadayon B, Lin L, et al. Effect of Prostate Cancer Screening with Prostate-specific Antigen Testing on Long-term Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Eur Urol. 2026. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2026.04.005.

European urology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Utilizing a 3D Printed Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Model to Shorten a Resident's Learning Curve

Utilizing a 3D Printed Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Model to Shorten a Resident's Learning Curve

Published on: August 15, 2025

Laparoscopic Training in Urology Residency Programs: A Systematic Review.

Tiago Ribeiro de Oliveira^1,2, Ben Van Cleynenbreugel³, Sérgio Pereira¹

¹Department of Urology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.

Current Urology

|July 19, 2019

Summary

Urology residents report inadequate laparoscopic training and low confidence in performing procedures independently. Most desire more surgical exposure during residency programs.

Keywords:

Education Laparoscopy Residency urology

More Related Videos

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Published on: March 7, 2020

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Utilizing a 3D Printed Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Model to Shorten a Resident's Learning Curve

Utilizing a 3D Printed Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Model to Shorten a Resident's Learning Curve

Published on: August 15, 2025

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Published on: March 7, 2020

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Author Spotlight: Demonstrating Systematic Endobronchial Ultrasound to New Endoscopists

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

Urology
Surgical Education
Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background:

Laparoscopy is a common surgical technique in urology.
Proficiency in laparoscopic surgery demands extensive training due to a steep learning curve.
Residency programs often incorporate standardized laparoscopic training.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically analyze the current state of laparoscopic training in urology residency programs worldwide.
To identify variations in training exposure and resident confidence levels.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane Library was conducted in February 2018.
Eight publications involving 985 urology residents were selected based on predefined criteria.
Data were analyzed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Main Results:

Significant variation exists in laparoscopic training exposure across different urology residency programs.
A majority of residents perceive their laparoscopic training as insufficient.
Most residents lack confidence in performing laparoscopic procedures independently by residency's end.
North American residents reported higher confidence compared to European residents.

Conclusions:

Substantial disparities are evident in laparoscopic training across national urology residency programs.
The majority of urology residents advocate for increased laparoscopic training during their residency.