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Aetiological Significance of Infectious Stimuli in Kawasaki Disease

Akihiro Nakamura1, Kazuyuki Ikeda2, Kenji Hamaoka3,4

  • 1Central Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|July 19, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Kawasaki disease (KD) pathogenesis involves immune dysregulation triggered by infections. This review explores viral, bacterial, and innate immune responses, plus genetic factors, in KD development.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a critical pediatric vasculitis characterized by coronary artery abnormalities.
  • The exact causes and pathogenesis of KD remain incompletely understood.
  • Existing evidence links KD pathogenesis to aberrant immune responses against infectious agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of infectious stimuli in Kawasaki disease etiology.
  • To explore the interplay between immune responses, pathogens, and genetic predisposition in KD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and experimental evidence regarding KD.
  • Analysis of the immune response to viral and bacterial infections.
  • Examination of innate immune pathways and genetic influences in KD.

Main Results:

  • Viral infections are implicated in KD pathogenesis.
  • Bacterial infections and superantigen hypotheses are considered.
  • Innate immunity, including PAMPs and complement, plays a role.
  • Genetic background influences immune responses to infectious triggers.

Conclusions:

  • A diverse range of microbes and viruses may trigger KD.
  • Common and distinct immune pathways are involved in KD development.
  • Understanding these immune processes is crucial for elucidating KD etiology.

Keywords:
Kawasaki diseaseanimal modelsinfectionpattern recognition receptorssuperantigensvasculitis

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