Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

7.2K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.2K
Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

670
Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
670
Eccentric Loading01:16

Eccentric Loading

919
Eccentric loading is a crucial concept in the study of structural engineering and mechanics, particularly when analyzing the stability and stress distribution in columns. Unlike centric loading, where the force is applied along the centroidal axis, causing uniform compression, eccentric loading occurs when a force is applied off-center. This off-center application introduces not only direct compressive stress but also bending stress, significantly influencing the column's behavior under...
919
Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

954
Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
For example, consider a bookshelf filled with books stacked vertically adjacent to each other. The weight of the books is evenly distributed over the length of the shelf. As a result, the pressure at different locations on the surface of the...
954
Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

104.6K
Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
104.6K
Mixtures of Acids03:27

Mixtures of Acids

21.6K
The pH of a solution containing an acid can be determined using its acid dissociation constant and its initial concentration. If a solution contains two different acids, then its pH can be determined using one of several methods depending upon the relative strength of the acids and their dissociation constants.
A Mixture of a Strong Acid and a Weak Acid
In a mixture of a strong acid and a weak acid, the strong acid dissociates completely and becomes a source of almost all the hydronium ions...
21.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A large-scale multi-ancestry mitochondrial variant association analysis for cardiometabolic traits.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Association of Markers of Kidney Tubular Secretion and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury after Acute Heart Failure.

Kidney360·2026
Same author

Mean Arterial Pressure During the First 24 Hours After Cardiac Surgery and Acute Kidney Injury: An Observational Cohort Study.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same author

Markers of kidney tubule dysfunction and injury and long-term risk of acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Independent association between acute kidney injury and kidney function trajectory.

Kidney international·2026
Same author

Discovery of gene-alcohol interaction loci influencing blood pressure in 1.1 million individuals from multiple populations.

Research square·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Bead Loading Proteins and Nucleic Acids into Adherent Human Cells
07:28

Bead Loading Proteins and Nucleic Acids into Adherent Human Cells

Published on: June 1, 2021

5.4K

APOL1, Acid Load, and CKD Progression.

Mindy Pike1, Thomas G Stewart2, Jennifer Morse2

  • 1Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, and Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Kidney International Reports
|July 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic acidosis and high dietary acid load did not accelerate kidney disease progression in African Americans, regardless of APOL1 genotype. This study found no association between these factors and chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.

Keywords:
APOL1acidosischronic kidney diseasedietary acid loadend-stage renal disease

More Related Videos

Development and Characterization of Fusidic Acid-Loaded Alginate-Aloe vera Based Hydrogel FilmWound Healing
04:09

Development and Characterization of Fusidic Acid-Loaded Alginate-Aloe vera Based Hydrogel FilmWound Healing

Published on: December 13, 2024

1.3K
Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 22, 2026

Bead Loading Proteins and Nucleic Acids into Adherent Human Cells
07:28

Bead Loading Proteins and Nucleic Acids into Adherent Human Cells

Published on: June 1, 2021

5.4K
Development and Characterization of Fusidic Acid-Loaded Alginate-Aloe vera Based Hydrogel FilmWound Healing
04:09

Development and Characterization of Fusidic Acid-Loaded Alginate-Aloe vera Based Hydrogel FilmWound Healing

Published on: December 13, 2024

1.3K
Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
06:52

Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes

Published on: November 1, 2019

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Genetics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • High dietary acid load and metabolic acidosis are linked to faster kidney function decline.
  • These factors may influence end-stage renal disease (ESRD) risk variability based on APOL1 genotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between metabolic acidosis, dietary acid load, and kidney disease progression.
  • To examine these associations specifically within the context of APOL1 genotype in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 1048 African American participants from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort.
  • Metabolic acidosis defined by serum bicarbonate < 22 mEq/L; dietary acid load by potential renal acid load (PRAL).
  • APOL1 high-risk status defined by two risk variants; CKD progression by time to ESRD or 50% eGFR decline.

Main Results:

  • Over 7 years, 379 participants experienced CKD progression.
  • No significant association found between metabolic acidosis or dietary acid load and CKD progression in individuals with or without the APOL1 high-risk genotype after full adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic acidosis and dietary acid load were not associated with CKD progression in this high-risk population.
  • Findings suggest these dietary and metabolic factors do not drive CKD progression in the studied cohort.